Indirect Exposition - Or to you and me, 'Show, Don't Tell'

'Show, don’t tell’ is a maxim that most writers have no doubt heard, yet it's probably one of the most important phrases to remember in creative writing. It’s very easy for novice writers to relay their entire stories with lots of telling but no showing. What it actually means is the ability to show a reader what is happening, especially at dramatic points or during action, rather than telling the reader everything, as though you’re reading from a shopping list.

For instance, look at the following paragraph:

John came in and put the kettle and fed the cat. He made his cup of tea and read the paper at the table. Then he made some dinner, and watched TV. He locked up and went to bed at eleven o’clock...

This is ‘telling’. It tells us exactly what is happening, but it doesn’t show the reader anything. It doesn’t tell us what John is thinking or feeling, it doesn’t tell us anything about the atmosphere or what might happen. It contains no tension, no conflict and no feeling.

In order to ‘show’ you will need to introduce dialogue, description or interior monologue. Where possible you should utilise the senses – touch, smell, taste, hearing and seeing to help the reader build a vivid picture of what is happening within your story.

John’s scene would be better if expanded with effective description:

John came in from work and switched the kettle on. The cat prowled around his legs, but she seemed nervous, ears pricked for every minute sound she heard, her attention drawn to noises outside. He sipped his tea, looked out of the windows, but all he could see were grey shadows. He made dinner, noticed the cat staring through the window at the darkness, ears twitching. It made him eat quickly. Then he sound of bins being knocked over. He watched the cat, her eyes intently focused on a shadow in the distance. He quickly locked up and rushed upstairs...

The difference in this paragraph is that tension and atmosphere tell us John feels nervous. Use of the cat, her pricked ears and intent staring, the shadows outside, the sound of bins, all these elements show us how what John feels, and is enough to stir the imagination of the reader. Writing is, after all, a partnership between the writer and the reader. It is the art of finding balance, because as a writer, you feed the imagination of your reader, you give the reader just enough information so they do the rest.

‘Show, don’t tell’ doesn’t mean every page of the story has to be written that way;it's not practicable and it makes it impossible to move the story forward to its natural conclusion. You only need to develop important scenes with ‘showing’ rather than ‘telling’. That way you can bring your characters and their world to life, through use of thoughts, feelings, the senses, colours and so on.

Sometimes it’s easy to slip into the telling mode too often, so if you find yourself writing things like because, suddenly, there was, just then, as if, all of a sudden then you know you've slipped into 'telling' mode.

Remember, showing is about making the reader feel what is happening. They don’t like to be told, so remember to use the following to help you:

• Rhythm, pace and tone help to show.
• Interior monologue
• Sensory language – use the senses (often underused)
• Description
• Dialogue
• Sense of atmosphere and tension
• Metaphor

Most of all, remember you have a partnership with your reader. You don't have to tell them everything. You provide some elements of information and the reader will fill in the blanks with their imagination.

Next time: Conflicts and themes

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Chapter & Novel Lengths

Just how long should a chapter be? What’s the best length? And does a novel have to fit into a set amount of words? These are just two of the most common questions asked by writers.   They assume they have to work to a strict template of X amount of words and X amount of chapters, usually because most novels have around 30 or 40 chapters and around 80,000 words.   Novel Lengths Firstly, let’s dispel a few myths - novel lengths are dictated by the story itself, not the writer or the editor or a specific written formula.   Secondly, writers don’t have to fit their word count into generic set amounts.   Again, the story will dictate how long the novel will be. It’s also worth knowing the different types of novels that work well with different word counts.   Uncomplicated stories containing minimal characters tend to be short – usually around 20,000 to 60,000 words.   These are called novellas. Longer, more complex stories, which contain a handful o...
Read more

What Makes a Story Dark?

If you’re a horror writer or you love to write dark, psychological stories and thrillers, or moralistic tales, this is the one question that needs an answer. Wanting a dark story and writing one are two different things, so how do you actually make a story dark? To answer that you first have to understand what is meant by ‘dark’. We usually define ‘dark’ as quantifiable elements that we know and are familiar with, but it’s more than that. Dark doesn’t necessarily mean scary or gory with a crazy psychopath going around chopping people into bits. Instead we have to think of ‘dark ‘as anything outside our accepted rose-tinted reality. Dark is the underbelly of our society; it’s the handling of ideas, themes, social issues and behaviours that would be seen as morally unacceptable. It’s less about fictional monsters but more about the real monsters that lurk in the shadows, something that is underscored by our fears and anxieties. It’s the unknown, because the things we don’t know ...
Read more

Modifiers, Intensifiers and Qualifiers - Part 2

Unlike modifiers, which modify words or phrases, an Intensifier is a term for a modifier that amplifies the meaning of the word it modifies. An intensifier is used exclusively to modify adverbs and adjectives and is placed  before the word it is meant to modify.  In simple terms, the intensifier emphasises adverbs and adjectives - it makes them more intense . The word is derived from Latin, meaning to “intend or stretch”. In grammatical terms, the intensifier lends no weight to the meaning of a sentence other than to give it an additional emotional nuance to the word it is modifying, however, since they modify adverbs and adjectives, they should be treated in the same way adverbs adjectives – used little and sparingly wherever possible within your writing. This is where learning to spot them will benefit your quality of writing. Intensifiers are attributive and serve only to fill space, so unless there is a valid reason to intensify the meaning and emotion ...
Read more